由于 $f(l, r) = a_l \And a_{l + 1} \ldots \And a_{r}$ 是有单调性的,因此可以考虑二分答案。接下来是如何快速求 $f(l, r)$,可以按位考虑,对每一个二进制位,计算区间内这个二进制位为 1 的个数,如果恰好等于区间的长度,说明区间内所有数字的这位都为 1,累加到答案中。数区间内 1 的个数可以使用前缀和快速得到。
// Date: Wed Dec 27 23:50:18 2023
#include <climits>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f, MOD = 1e9 + 7;
const double eps = 1e-8;
const int dir[8][2] = {
{0, 1}, {0, -1}, {1, 0}, {-1, 0}, {1, 1}, {1, -1}, {-1, 1}, {-1, -1},
};
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef vector<int> VI;
typedef pair<int, int> PII;
const ull Pr = 131;
#define For(i, a, b) for (int i = int(a); i < int(b); ++i)
#define Rof(i, a, b) for (int i = int(b) - 1; i >= int(a); --i)
#define For1(i, a, b) for (int i = int(a); i <= int(b); ++i)
#define Rof1(i, a, b) for (int i = int(b); i >= int(a); --i)
#define ForE(i, j) for (int i = h[j]; i != -1; i = ne[i])
#define f1 first
#define f2 second
#define pb push_back
#define has(a, x) (a.find(x) != a.end())
#define nonempty(a) (!a.empty())
#define all(a) (a).begin(), (a).end()
#define SZ(a) int((a).size())
template <typename t> istream &operator>>(istream &in, vector<t> &vec) {
for (t &x : vec)
in >> x;
return in;
}
template <typename t> ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, vector<t> &vec) {
int n = SZ(vec);
For(i, 0, n) {
out << vec[i];
if (i < n - 1)
out << ' ';
}
return out;
}
#ifdef _DEBUG
#define debug1(x) cout << #x " = " << x << endl;
#define debug2(x, y) cout << #x " = " << x << " " #y " = " << y << endl;
#define debug3(x, y, z) \
cout << #x " = " << x << " " #y " = " << y << " " #z " = " << z << endl;
#else
#define debug1
#define debug2
#define debug3
#endif
const int N = 200010;
int t, q, a[N], d[N][35], l, k, n;
int check(int l, int r) {
int res = 0;
For(j, 0, 32) {
int cn = d[r][j] - d[l - 1][j];
if (cn == r - l + 1) {
res += (1 << j);
}
}
return res;
}
int main(void) {
#ifdef _DEBUG
freopen("1878e.in", "r", stdin);
#endif
std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
cin.tie(NULL);
cout.tie(NULL);
cin >> t;
while (t--) {
cin >> n;
For1(i, 1, n) { cin >> a[i]; }
cin >> q;
For(j, 0, 32) d[0][j] = 0;
For1(i, 1, n) {
int tmp = a[i];
For(j, 0, 32) {
int cnt = 0;
if (tmp & 1)
cnt = 1;
tmp >>= 1;
d[i][j] = d[i - 1][j] + cnt;
}
}
while (q--) {
cin >> l >> k;
int r = n, mid;
int le = l;
while (le < r) {
mid = (le + r + 1) / 2;
if (check(l, mid) >= k)
le = mid;
else
r = mid - 1;
}
if (check(l, le) >= k)
cout << le;
else
cout << -1;
cout << ' ';
}
cout << '\n';
}
return 0;
}